editor’s Note: from July 23, Animal politician presents journalistic materials to know facts, names and key moments of the student movement of the 68 who lived in Mexico.
city of Mexico, September 5, 1968-the National Council of strike (CNH) invited President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, a full-page spread in newspapers of national circulation, to appoint officials who could sit at a table of dialogue with students to resolve the conflict that started on July 23 with the violent aggression of grenadiers to two vocational students from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
In addition, three students delivered a copy of the deployed published today, which suggests that the talks with the authorities begin next Monday at 17:00 at the medical center of the IMSS, and are in the Oficialia of parts of the Presidency of the Republic transmitted live by National Radio chain and Telesistema Mexicano.
The Council also gave the document to various official agencies, in order to find available all the relevant authorities to resolve the crisis that keeps on strike at the UNAM, the IPN, the National School of Agronomy of Chapingo, part of the Universidad Iberoamericana, the National Conservatory, among other public and private media and higher education schools.
For its part, the coalition of teachers of secondary education and greater democratic freedoms Pro said there is the willingness to consider other alternatives for public dialogue, for example the unit Nonoalco-Tlatelolco, at least 25 thousand people.
This is the second time since Sunday September 1, the CNH refers to the dialogue proposed from August 4 – when he unveiled his list of demands from six points – and that not is has been able to realize, once September 2 respond to threats to the movim student for breach by the President during his report IV of Government: “We will not talk with pressure tanks and bayonets up”.[1]
graphic of 68. “Stickers”
file PROCESOFOTODurante its report IV of Government, Diaz Ordaz threw a warning the movement: “we have been tolerant to criticized excesses; but everything has its limit and we cannot let that continue forever breaking the rule of law, as it has been happening in the eyes of the world.”[2]
warned that at any time you can make use of the army to respond to movement, if required: “exhausted means that advise the good judgment and experience, exercise, provided that it is strictly necessary, the Faculty contained in the” Article 89, VI, of the Constitution which, literally, says: ‘ the powers and duties of the President are as follows: to have all of the permanent armed force of land army, the Navy and the air force of the internal security and external defence of the Federation ‘ “.”[3]
before continuous applause from the political class, special guests and representatives of foreign Governments, the President of the Republic left no doubts about the meaning of his message: “do not want to see us in the case of measures that we do not want, but which” We will take if necessary; What ours should be done, we will do it; to where you are obliged to arrive, arrive”.[4]
the CNH reacted to the harsh words that Diaz Ordaz with a location. “We do not understand the language of the ‘tracks’; “withdraw tanks from the streets, withdraw the army from the street, removed all the triggers and all forces of shock that dresses of civilians attacking our brigades of the street, and then we will publicly be willing to dialogue and debate, before non”.[5]
in the unfolding of this Wednesday 4, the CNH denied “that on our part there are illegitimate pressure towards the Government; but the lack of response to a demand leads necessarily to the popular action; only way that remains open to a deaf and mute regime”.
And said: “do not study for the purpose of accumulating static knowledge. Our cause as students is militant knowledge, critical knowledge, which contests, refutes and transforms, revolutionizes the reality”.
The writer José Revueltas, Member of the Committee of intellectuals, writers and artists, referred to “Frank threats the President us throwing students and people when he says that, with support in article 89, it will appeal to the service of the army “if it deems to be necessary and which will reach where you are forced to arrive”. And he replied: “rest assured the President that we won’t offer that, when it considers it necessary, we turn into cannon fodder.[6]
“silent demonstration” will be September 13 Raúl Álvarez Garín, leader of the national strike Council, it was reported that at a meeting held in the Faculty of medicine, on Tuesday of this week, “fellow José Osegueda raised the idea of” make a ‘silent protest demonstration’; in other words, a March in complete silence, in sign of mourning.
Also “he proposed to invite the workers to a two-hour stoppage to protest against the decision of the Government to continue to use force. He said that the demonstration should be carrying badges and symbols of mourning for the attack on the freedom of expression and Assembly”.
So it was agreed that the mobilization would be the next Friday the 13th. “With this event we intend to demonstrate that our movement can also be organized and that we do not need noise to express our ideas,” said the student.[7]
Roberta Avendaño, representative of the Faculty of law at the CNH, recounted that when it was programmed “the silent”, he thought than a partner of law “was indicated to discuss illegality and unconstitutionality (item) 145 and as I touched me” “be representative elected me to speak”. All delegates of the CNH – five companions and La Tita – laws, part of the Commission that studied the article 145.
“Vain”, he said, we believe that the Government “will give the US”. Thus saith the student because, he explained, so tell the Grenadiers when you give them with rifle butts and batons: “Have your meeting, have your us!”.[8]
harden Chase Thursday was unveiled that it was denied the amparo requested on 2 September by Heberto Castillo, leader of the coalition of teachers, and 89 persecuted students.
Abductions and arrests of students continue, as well as close monitoring in workplaces and in meeting or popular concentration sites in order to prevent the arrival of brigades.[9]
while the army’s presence has become more visible in recent days, both on city streets and in vocational and high schools.
“On Monday, 96 students came out of the separos of the Attorney General of Justice of the Federal District,[10] but even though they were released without charges pending, records remain open, if”they relapse”, it warned them, and has urged them to” “studying the presidential report and rectify their behavior”. That same afternoon 10 more brigades were arrested from the Ministry of industry and trade.
The release occurred in the context of the protest which made “some 60 students” – according to the daily Excelsior-against the Prosecutor’s Office to demand the freedom of their colleagues arrested during the recent riots. Two of the organizers of the rally were interviewed with Fernando Ortiz de Peña, research director of the District Attorney.
The CNH agreed to carry out an informative meeting, at 11 o’clock of 7 Saturday, vocationally 7 of Tlatelolco, which was robbed by masked men armed with machine guns early on August 29. And he unveiled last Tuesday began a nationwide campaign to collect a million signatures in favour of the repeal of the articles 145 and 145 bis of the Penal Code, which defined the crime of social dissolution.
The CTM, ready to act against “agitators” warnings expressed by President marked also the signal for that PRI organizations and corporate regime add conviction to the students. The Confederation of workers of Mexico (CTM), with Fidel Velázquez head, published the day after the report a “manifesto to the nation” in a threatening tone, which qualifies the student movement as “clearly subversive” actions.
“There is a real student problem – the CTM – said. Not raised demands with any content of that nature… He insists the most absurd statements and required such degrading conditions, still childish in appearance by absurd, you are looking for, in fact, ensure that matter for any dialogue No…”[11].
Because everything is part of a conspiracy, according to the MWC, if “not is it agrees in the subversive action” that PRI group endorses the President its determination to participate “in tone, degree and with consequences that are required, to put an end to the climate antijuridico and anarchy in which you want to plunge the country, and to expose and destroy the agitators that Madden youth values and endanger the solid consolidation of our homeland”.
Although he did not express it openly, the unfolding of the CTM supported the threat to suppress the student movement with the use of the army. However, the Commission’s press and Propaganda of the central obrera rejected Thursday intending to form groups of shock to break the strike of students.
Followed expressions of support to the movement on the other hand, the Unión Nacional de Mujeres Mexicanas, Tuesday 3, a letter sent to Diaz Ordaz which expresses that “as mothers, coMO women, as Mexican citizens (…) We reject the slander against the students, patented once again our solidarity with the movement and express our demand to be given fair solution to raised demands.”[12]
that same day, the Auxiliary Bishop Francisco Orozco Lomelín said that desecration of the Metropolitan Cathedral there was no during the massive March on August 27 that ended with the eviction with grenadiers and soldiers in military tanks of students that it intended to stay to make a guard into the socket until September 1.[13]
the Trade Union delegation number 163, which brings together teachers of the vocational 7, asked Diaz Ordaz, by means of a telegram, the elucidation of the attack suffered by that school and the punishment of the guilty parties.
On the other hand, 220 interns of medicine, inmates at the General Hospital of the Ministry of health and care, maintain the strike that began on 29 August in solidarity with the student movement.[14]
this week also, students from the National School of plastic arts San Carlos, which produces a large part of the propaganda of the student movement, declared that they would defend their school “swashbuckling”.
[1] Gomez Nashiki, Antonio, “1968. Chronology of the Mexican student movement”, Nexos, January 1, 1988. At https://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=4996
[2] Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, IV review of Government, available in www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/sia/re/RE-ISS-09-06-13.pdf
[3] Idem.
[4] Ditto.
[5] Carlos Monsiváis, democracy, first call: the student movement of 1968, Conaculta and Government of the State of Colima, Mexico, 2010, pp. 110
[6] revueltas, José. 68 Mexico: youth and revolution. Volume 15, works complete, Editions was, Mexico, 2013. Pp. 57 and 58.
[7] Alvarez Garín, Raul, “Shock waves”, Nexos, January 1, 1998. At www.nexos.com.mx/?p=5006
[8] Poniatowska, Elena, the night of Tlatelolco. Testimonies of oral history, ed. It was, Mexico, 1971, p. 5.
[9] diego Ortega, Roberto, “1968: the environment and the facts.” A chronology”, Nexos, 1 September 1978. At https://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=3199
[10] Jardon, Raul, 1968: the fire of hope, Siglo XXI Editores, Mexico, 1998, p. 62.
[11] Ramón Ramírez, student from Mexico, publishing movement was, Mexico, 1969, p. 288.
[12] Jardon, Raul, op. cit. p. 62.
[13] Gomez Nashiki, op. cit.
[14] “50 years of 68′, special supplement, Gaceta UNAM. In http://www.gaceta.unam.mx/gobierno-endurece-su-postura/
