translated from Spanish: In bed with the Romans: how sex marked the history of the Empire

sex reached one indelible and intractable political and historical importance in the annals of Rome shortly after its founding in 753 BC, according to the Roman historian Titus Livius Patavino (also known as ‘Livio’).
From the beginning, the sex was linked with momentous constitutional developments to the Roman State.
The rape of the Sabine women, in 750 B.c., was a carefully executed example of construction of a nation with which the Romans replaced its dwindling supply of fertile women snatching the wives and daughters their Sabine neighbors.
Soon after, sex was involved first in the overthrow of the tyrannical monarchy and the establishment of the Republic, and after the restoration of that Republic, as fundamental to the Roman democracy.
Lucretia and Virginia when the virtuous Lucretia took his life in 510 BC after being raped by Tarquinius sixth, became it the last King of Rome.
His death provoked a rebellion that overthrew the monarchy.
The fate of the legendary Roman noble played a key role in the transition from a Roman Kingdom Roman Republic.

Later in 449 BC, sex was also involved in the defense of the Republic, when the authorities began to behave like monarchs.
In the context of the struggle between patricians and plebeians, she was created an institution called the decemviri, consisting of 10 men whose mission was regular relations between citizens.
The first decemviri was formed by patricians and the Romans were dissatisfied by their corruption, abuses and because not called elections.
Appius Claudius Crassus, who headed the first decemviri, became obsessed with a beautiful commoner named Virginia, daughter of Lucio Virginio, a respected centurion, and committed to Lucio Icilio, a former Tribune of the Plebs.
When the celery Claudio patricio used his power to stay with her, her father murdered her stabbed to death to prevent that she was raped.
What followed was an uprising that overthrew the decemviri and restored the values of the Republic.
The pudicitia and vir the pudicitia, or preservation of the sexual virtue, was a central concept of the sexual ethics of the ancient Romans.

Pudicitia that cost him his life Lucretia and Virginia, who became legends that served as example to enhance the behavior which should be devoted to women.
Married once they should not expect any pleasure from sexual intercourse, because its role was simply to procreate.
In addition, they had to accept the infidelity of their husbands, provided the lovers were not married, because, as men, it was a sign of his vir – sexual prowess and virility-.
Single or married, were free to sleep with prostitutes, dancers and even with other men, with the crucial condition that they were those who penetrate them. The men who were left to penetrate were considered deficient in vir and virtus (virtue), and were denounced and vilified as effeminate.
Family values at the end of the Republic, however, illicit and extramarital sex began to be considered as injurious.
Augustus, first emperor of the Roman Empire, realized that and, although he was not reluctant to enjoy the wives of others, tried to restore some good family values through legislation.
However, the intentions of Augustus were overshadowed by the conduct of suunica biological daughter Julia, who said he fornicated even on the podium from which his father had introduced his legislation moralist.
Augusto finally exiled her at Pandataria, a remote island free of men off the coast of Campania.

The spouse of Julia, her stepbrother Tiberius, who succeeded Augustus as emperor, was the cross-dressing fashion popularized by Julio César years earlier when, at age 20, lived as a woman in the Court of King Nicomedes IV.
Emperor Tiberius dressed women for their unbridled celebrations in Capri, while his successor, Caligula, sometimes appeared dressed as Venus at banquets.
Nero, tormented by killing his pregnant spouse Poppaea Sabina, wanted to replace it with someone who appears to her and found the Sporus, a young exesclavo who commanded to neutering before the wedding.
Nero, who has said that he enjoyed incest with his mother, Agripina the young, starred in besides the notorious banquets of Tigellinus: wrapped in the skin of wild animals, was released from a cage to “mutilate” orally the genitals of men and women tied to stakes.
The “Queen of the whores Imperial” of Messalina, Empress of Claudius, it is said that it matches regularly bed sleep Claudio to visit a brothel foul, by which earned the title of “Queen of the Imperial whores”.
Plinio the old than in an epic binge Mesalinadesafio Roman author has a veteran prostitute to a sexual Marathon of 24 hours. The Empress won after bedtime with 25 men.

Sex also occupied a prominent place in the short “indescribably revolting life” of the Emperor Elagabalus (AD c 203-222).
According to the tabloid “Historia Augusta”, a collection of biographies of Roman emperors, heirs and claimants of Adriano to Numerian: “took lust in every hole of her body, sending agents in search of men with large penises to satisfy passions (…) The size of the body of a man often determined the charge that gave him”.
Things went even further when Elagabalus offered vast fortunes to any doctor who could give you permanent female genitalia.
His behavior led to the rejection of the Praetorian guard and the Roman Senate and was assassinated in a plot hatched by her grandmother, Elagabalus, only 18 years.
Moving to 525 A.d., the sex was still an important aspect of Roman life.
Empress Theodora was 20 years younger than her spouse Justinian I.
He had worked in a brothel of Constantinople acting in burlesques obscene.
In one of them, “Leda and the Swan”, is lay down on his back and the other characters scattered barley in his groin, then disguised as Zeus geese condition. Other actors were invited to copulate with her on stage.
However, when he assumed the position of Empress, he did a lot of social reforms that protect women from physical and sexual abuse and discrimination.

Original source in Spanish

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