translated from Spanish: Ephemeris Tuesday, March 19, 2020

1565.- The Spanish navigator and conqueror Miguel López de Legazpi discovers, on the way to the Philippines, the island of Bohol, of which he takes possession on behalf of Philip II.
1604.- John IV, King of Portugal, is born.
1775.- The Sultan of Morocco lifts the place he had placed on Melilla.
1808.- Charles IV abdicates the crown of Spain in his son Ferdinand VII.
1812.- The Cortes de Cádiz proclaim and swear the Spanish Constitution, popularly known as “la Pepa”, for being proclaimed on the day of San José.
1813.- David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer, is born.
1818.- Action of Cancha Rayada, for the independence of Chile: two thousand Spaniards, commanded by Osorio, put on the run 13,000 soldiers and 10,000 thousand horses of the troops of San Martín and O’Higgins.
1818.- Realistic troops capture the leader of the Mexican insurgents, Miguel Hidalgo, and other leaders.
1823.- Uprising in Veracruz of General Santa Anna against Emperor Itúrbide, who is forced to abdicate before Congress, who annuls his empire and banishes Italy.
1866.- Emilio de Bono, Marshal of Italy, is born.
1882.- Placement of the first stone of the Sagrada Familia temple, in Barcelona, a summit work by the architect Antonio Gaudí.
1905.- Rafael María Merchán, Cuban writer and politician, dies.
1913.- Hernán Siles Zuazo, former president of Bolivia, is born.
1921.- Alfredo Zayas is elected president of Cuba.
1928.- Hans Kung, Swiss theologian, is born.
1930.- Ornette Coleman, American jazz musician and composer, is born.
1930.- Arthur James Balfour, English statesman, dies.
1934.- The U.S. House of Representatives approves the granting of independence to the Philippines.
1934.- Is born Ursula Andress, Swiss actress.
1943.- Mario Molina, American chemist and physicist of Mexican origin, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995.
1944.- World War II: the Germans occupy Hungary.
1947.- Glenn Close, American actress, is born.
1949.- Approved the Constitution for the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
1955.- Bruce Willis, American actor, is born.
1962.- By the Evian Agreements, France decided to grant independence to Algeria, proclaimed on 3 July.
1962.- Arturo Frondizi, president of Argentina, is deposed by the Army.
1964.- Inaugurated the tunnel of the Grand St. Bernard, which joins Switzerland with Italy, almost six kilometers long.
1982.- Argentines disembark in the Falklands and hoist the national flag.
1984.- Iraq and Jordan sign a border delimitation treaty.
1987.- Louis de Broglie, French physicist, 1929 Nobel laureate dies.
1992.- Guatemala and the EC sign an agreement to develop telecommunications in Central America and ensure better interconnection from Panama to Mexico.
1994.- Irvin Flores, Puerto Rican nationalist leader, dies.
1994.- José Coronel Urtecho, Nicaraguan poet, dies.
1997.- The Constitutional Court of Colombia annuls seven decrees of the Government and declares not adjusted to the Magna Carta the state of economic emergency that motivated them.
1997.- Willem de Kooning, Dutch-American painter, dies.
1999.- A high-powered bomb explodes in the central market of Vladikavkaz, in the Russian republic of North Ossetia, and causes 64 deaths and more than a hundred injuries.
1999.- The Rio Group signs in Mexico the Acta de Veracruz to relaunch this organization as a forum for the negotiation of Ibero-America before the 21st century.
2002.- The Red Brigades assassinate in Bologna the adviser of the Italian Minister of Labour, Marco Biagi.
2002.- An iceberg about 85 kilometers long and 60 kilometers wide crumbs from Antarctica, possibly by the warming of the planet.
2004.- Luis Felipe Angell de Lama, “Sofocleto”, Peruvian writer, dies.
2008.- Matilde Espinosa, a 98-year-old Colombian poet, dies.
2009.- Josef Fritzl, the “Prisoner of Amstetten”, is sentenced to life imprisonment after being convicted of murder for omission of relief, slavery, rape, deprivation of liberty, serious coercion and incest.
2011.- The “yes” triumphs in the referendum on reform of the Constitution held in Egypt.



Original source in Spanish